Legacy of Algeria

Algeria remains one of France’s most valuable possessions during the colonial period. The country was a French colony for over a century until the early 1960s when nationalist agitation caused independence to be granted to the country. This form of revolt, which began gathering momentum in 1954 and lasted till 1962, is what became known as the Algerian War. Even though this war ended since 1962, the memories of the War are still present especially in France. Moreover, this war appears to be the most significant part of France’s involvement in Algeria.This essay will therefore look at the legacy created in France as a result of their involvement in Algeria. The essay will also examine the huge debates and controversies created by memories of the war in France. Aspects of brutality by the French police will equally be examined.Torture was a significant part of the Algerian and this aspect has sparked a series of debates and controversies in France ever since the war ended . During the more than one hundred thousand Algerians were tortured[1] by European born French police officers and pro-French Algerians who had been known to be very brutal when they handled matters relating to French Algerians in Paris. Several interrogation centers were created and the torture of Algerians by French auxiliary police was synonymous to these interrogation centers. Methods used where water torture, impaling on bottles and electric shocking.[2]   It was incidents like these that made the Algerian War to be labeled the most brutal in all colonial battles that France got involved in. In fact the conduct of the war welcomed a lot of criticisms from the French public without even bordering about the goals of the war. It is therefore no surprising that French men termed the war, â€Å"dirty war†.[3]Torture was so common to the extent that General Paul Aussaresses, whom at the time of the war was working with the French Special Service in Algeria and   who took p art in the battle of Algiers, which was aimed at hunting and destroying Algerian fighters acknowledged the use of torture when he held that,Among the operations in which I participated, most led to interrogations.Others to simple liquidation, which occurred on the spot. . . . [T]hose who  arrived in Tourelles [an interrogation center] were considered to be so  guilty that they did not leave alive. . . . [T]orture was used systematically if  the prisoner refused to talk, which was often the case. Rarely were prisoners  who were interrogated at night alive in the morning. If they talked ornot,  Ã‚  they were generally neutralized. . . . Summary executions were an integral  part of the task of maintaining order[4]The employment of torture by French police in the Algerian war created a significant impact in France, years after the War was over. To begin with, it sparked up a huge debate in France and the issue was whether torture was used during the Algerian war. This debate has been going ever since the war ended. For instance, in 1979, the issue about torture became so popular, to then that public opinion had to be sampled to see those who believed that torture was part of France’s colonial rule in Algeria. More than 50% of opinions sampled confirmed that they believe torture had been part and parcel of the Algerian crisis.[5] In later year the issue received more recognition to the extent that, opinion polls showed 94% of the population holding the belief that torture had been employed by French police during the Algerian War.The legacy left behind by the Algerian had serious ramifications in French politics. The question on torture again received recognition for the role it played during presidential campaigns in France. This was the case of the presidential elections in France in France in 2002. During campaigns major candidates were demanded to justify their stance with regards to the use of torture Algerian war.[6] Majority of the candida tes in this case were out rightly against torture.[7] In fact, ever since the war ended, the manner in which the war was handled has always aroused criticisms with emphasis placed on the use of torture. How ever, it is important to understand that French citizens have never really criticized the motive behind their involvement in Algeria. Instead, they criticize the manner in which the government reacted when things started going wrong in Algeria.The Algerian case also left it trade mark in the legal department in France. This is because, years after the incident, some of the perpetrators of what has been considered as cowardly acts have been brought before the court. Moreover, trials of this kind have drawn a lot of attention from the press. A case in point is the trial of Maurice Papon, who was the brainchild behind the suppression of Algerian demonstrators. Papon was a government functionary in France’s possessions in North Africa during the 1940s and 50sThis case was pres ided over in Bordeaux by Jean Louis Castagnà ©dà ©s.[8]During this trial, Papon asserted that he was never in support of the use of torture. He pointed out the he was never in control of the military, the main perpetrators of these acts, therefore, there was little he could do to stop them.[9] Even though Papon was freed for medical reasons, this case went further to strengthen the legacy of the Algerian situation in France. For instance the case pushed writers to work and in the process a number of works on Papon were produced. General works were also written on Papon and his trial. One of such works was marc Olivier Bruch’s scholarly study of the French administration under Vichy, titled Pour Servir l’Etat Francaise.On the commercial level some of these works gained a lot of grounds. This could be seen in the steady variety of books, movies and television shows, which came out to help bring to light the degree of torture experienced during the Algerian adventure. O ne of these movies, perhaps the most commercially successful, titled Avoir Vingt ans dans l’Aures released in 1971 and the documentary La Guerre d’Algerie and a lot of other documentary revealed the hidden practices of the of the French army in Algeria.[10]In fact Pascal Ory has tried to summarize central theme underlying most of the French movies and documentaries on the Algerian war when hen he writes, â€Å"French cinema did everything it could to give the image of the Algerian War as a ‘dirty war’† Also, another history of French movies holds the position that â€Å"Torture obsesses the cinema of the Algerian War.[11] Most of these movies and documentaries have gained a lot of grounds on the commercial level.Another legacy left by the Algerian war in France has been the commemorations in France marking the 1961 massacre. This incident occurred when dozens of Algerians were peacefully marching in Paris on October 17 1961. These of Algerians were ruthlessly killed. During the early years of the French government acknowledged the need for regular commemorations to mark this incident. The most outstanding was that held on the occasion of the 40th anniversary. This event was commemorated with demonstrations, exhibitions, film showings, and a colloquium held in the National Assembly, with distinguished panelists and some of the survivors of the event.[12]The legacy created by the Algerian questions in France has created a lot of controversy in France. For instance, national petition came demanding that the 1961 massacre be labeled a crime against humanity. This petition was welcomed by many intellectual elites amongst them were Pierre Bourdieu, Maurice Agulhon, Madeleine Rà ©bà ©rioux, Jacques Derrida. Such calls pushed the Paris City Council to affix a plaque on the Seine Bridge where several Algerians were dumped in to the river Seine on the day of demonstration. It even took time before the decision on what was to be writt en on the plaque. The wordings were carved on the plaque affixed on the left bank of the bridge crossing River Seine: To the memory of all the Algerians killed during the bloody repression of the peaceful demonstration of 17 October1961.†[13] Many human right groups and leftist have also welcomed the position that that the massacre be considered a crime against humanity.Another area of controversy in the Algerian crisis is centered on the proper word to term it. The French never wanted to consider it a war, instead they less hard phrases such a move to maintain order have always been preferred. However, a new understanding stemming from the rising concerns of the occurrences during the conflict made the French parliament in 1999 to label the Algerian case a war. This new development seems to have weakened the stance of many with regards to the horrors of the conflict.[14] This indicates the impact created by the Algerian crisis in France if one considers the fact that the conf lict has been a call for concern right in the French Assembly.Another area of controversy has been on the impact of trials like the case of Maurice Papon. People have been asking questions on whether it is necessary to try somebody for a crime committed some fifty years back. The French government sees it different. For instance, France which is one of those countries championing the course of democracy and human has to do something keep her credibility towards these this course.Moreover, it is imperative for trials of this kind to take place so that they could act as preventive measure for those who ever find their self in situations like the case in Algeria.Above all, there has also been a huge debate on the impact trials of this kind could have at the level of pedagogy.From the above, it is clear that the Algerian question has left a big scar on the French society judging from the memories of the war, which keeps circulating in France and among French people and Algerians. Moreov er, some people still remain divided on certain aspects of the war and it is this situation that has sparked up controversies when talking about the Algerian war.ReferenceCohen, William B. â€Å"The Algerian War and the Revision of France’s Overseas Mission†.Project Muse.Golsan, Richard J. â€Å"Vichy Afterlife† History and Counter History in Postwar France.Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2000.[1] William B. Cohen, â€Å"The Algerian War and the Revision of France’s Overseas Mission†, Project Muse, 228. [2] Richard J. Golsan, â€Å"Vichy Afterlife† History and Counter History in Postwar France (Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 167. [3] Cohen, â€Å"The Algerian War †, 229. [4] Ibid, 232. [5] Ibid, 230. [6] Ibid, 236. [7] Ibid. [8] Golsan, â€Å"Vichy Afterlife†, 158. [9] Ibid, 162. [10] Cohen, â€Å"The Algerian War †, 229 [11] Ibid, 229. [12] Ibid, 234. [13] Ibid, 235. [14] Cohe n 231

Rubik’s Cube Instructional Speech

In 1974, a twenty-nine year old Hungarian named Erno Rubik was trying to solve a structural design problem. He was working on a model that would help him explain a three-dimensional geometric when he finally ended up creating the famous, colorful cubical form we know as a Rubik’s cube!However, Rubik did not give the cube his name—he called it the â€Å"Magic Cube.† It was renamed the Rubik's Cube by the Ideal Toy Corporation in 1980. Little did Rubik know that his cube would become a sensation around the world with the first world championship held in his native, Budapest, in 1982, with a sixteen year old Vietnamese girl winning the competition, unscrambling the Cube in 22.95 seconds. Solving a Rubik’s Cube requires some study and decision-making.There are a variety of methods used to solve a Rubik’s Cube, but the most popular and the most effective is called the Fridrich method. In the next few minutes, I would like to share with you how to solve t he Rubik’s Cube. As I said before, there are many different algorithms and ways to solve a Rubik’s cube. But the one that I have found to be easiest to understand was the Fridrich Method. Now today, I’m only going to explain how to solve one face of the cube due to the limited amount of time. Start with solving the cross. I like to start with the color white, so I will describe the steps according to starting with the white cross.Each side of the cube has a different color center. The center color determines the color of the side. I chose to start with the white center piece on the bottom and the opposite side yellow piece on the top, simply because that’s the way I learned.1.Look around the cube for white edge pieces, not corner pieces but pieces that outline the cross shape. Move the pieces to the top of the cube around the yellow piece.†¢ Each white piece of the cross will have a color adjacent to it.2.You want to match up the, say white blue piec e to the blue center piece and the white red piece to the red center piece and so on.3.Then you want to make sure the white piece is matched up with the bottom white center piece and flip the from face 180 degrees clockwise.†¢ Do so for every color until you get the all-white cross.4. Now each white piece should still be matched to the same color center piece.5.Next you will solve the corners.†¢The next 2 steps are the hardest to follow but I will try my best to explain clearly.6.Look around the cube for white corner pieces. If you have a white corner piece on the top you have to memorize a move. Up clockwise, to 180 degrees, then right goes right back down. This move can be used on any side.7.Now look at the other color that is adjacent to the white on its side, not top. Match the adjacent color diagonally to its same color by moving only the top layer. Then do the following move: move the right side clockwise, top clockwise, right counter clockwise.8.Do the same steps wi th the other white pieces. It could take a few tries to get it right but keep repeating it until you get it.Now you should have the bottom of the cube solid white and the bottom layer of each side filled with one color.If you’ve ever tried to solve the Rubik’s cube and given up, I encourage you to try it again now using the Fridrich method I began to explain. For further instructions you can visit http://www.wikihow.com/Solve-a-Rubik's-Cube-(Easy-Move-Notation). But first let me warn you; as â€Å"Cubing† infects people of all ages around the globe, there has actually been a name given for those that are obsessed with a Rubik Cube. They are called â€Å"Cubaholics†. Many of real Cubaholics are said to suffer from ‘Rubik's wrist' and ‘Cubist's thumb'! Beware!

Personal Finance Budget Plan

| Personal Financial Planning Budget| 10/11/2012| PFP-110-120A-02 Phase I Individual Project| A personal budget is a financial plan of an individual’s or household’s income and expenses over a given period, typically one month (www. careeredonline. com). The budgeting process involves estimating future results. In order to prepare this particular budget, the previous month is analyzed. This process helps to understand how and where the money is going all month. The bills that need paid out of a $4. 040. 00 income, were as follows: * Income – $4,040. 00 Taxes Taken Out Before Bring Home Income – $40. 00 * Mortgage – not discretionary * Utilities – $190. 00 – some discretion can be applied * Groceries – $400. 00 – some discretion can be applied * Auto Insurance – $120. 00 –not discretionary * Car Payment – $250. 00 – not discretionary * Entertainment – $400. 00 – 100% discretionary * Savings – $168. 00 – preferably not discretionary * ————————————————- Child Care – $360. 00 – not discretionary * Total That Is Left – $1,512. 00 Most of the bills are not discretionary except the entertainment, and this can get cut back on an extreme amount.Going places and buying things that are not necessary could save money to add to the savings. The budget had no risk after paying the bills; however the money that is left could be put into an investment that is analyzed before investing in it. A personal financial budget can provide guidance for anyone with their financial management, which is a type of a management that deals with the financial matters of the individual’s or household’s income and expenses (www. wikipedia. com). Having a personal financial budget can actually help an individual’s credit score. If all of the bills are paid on time, then it looks good to the credit bureau. When going to purchase something on credit, a business will look to find if all the accounts in a person’s name are paid on time and rate your credit to see if the score is high enough. The best point of this budget is the balance did not come out in the negative, so from here on out the savings needs to be the focus. After finding out just how much can be saved, then investing in a particular thing could benefit and contribute to the income that is coming in now.Strategic planning is also an important part of the budget process. Strategic planning can provide information regarding internal and external economic conditions, investigating potential investments that may be beneficial, and can give long-term goals for financial management (www. assets130000. pdf). Setting goals, being disciplined, and learning to budget your finances, can help to reach your financial goals. References www. careeredonl ine. com www. wikipedia. com www. assests130000. pdf www. ctuonline/courses/pfp10. pdf

Positive and negative effects of Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Research Paper

Positive and negative effects of Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation used by organizations and if the benefits outweigh the negat - Research Paper Example Employee motivation is a good mix of direction of behavior, level of effort, and level of persistence (Mosley Jr., Pietri, & Mosley Sr., 2011, p. 197). As Ellis-Christensen (n.d.) states, â€Å"when employee motivation is low, businesses can have a difficult time† (p. 1). This statement shows that without employee motivation, companies come across a number of problems, such as, poor employee performance, decreased income and profits, decreased level of employee commitment, decreased employee productivity, poor customer service, and increased employee absenteeism. On the other hand, when employees feel valued and their level of motivation is high, they show more commitment and dedication to their job related goals and responsibilities, which results in increasing the overall organizational performance. In this paper, we will discuss two main types of motivation that organizations use to build employee motivation. The paper will also include a discussion on whether the benefits of both types of motivation outweigh the negative consequences or not. Types of Motivation There are two main types of motivation, which include intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation s the type of motivation that comes from the inner self of a person and makes a person put some special efforts to achieve personal or professional goals. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation comes from the outside of a person. External sources play their role in building this type of motivation in a person. "Extrinsic motivation comes from external sources, motivating you with incentives to push your performance" (Ingram, n.d., p. 1). Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivations have certain advantages and disadvantages. Let us discuss how organizations use both of these types of motivation to raise the level of employee performance at the workplace. Intrinsic Motivation As described by various psychologists, intrinsic motivation has no external source that may drive a pers on to achieve his/her goals. Rather it builds in the person inside and is directly related to the desires, perceptions, and ambitions of a person. "Intrinsically motivated people are not influenced by external rewards or punishments for their work, such as earning money for doing a job or getting a poor grade on a school assignment" (Jeffress, n.d.). Individuals who are intrinsically motivated do things to get pleasure or to achieve a sense of accomplishment. There is no external element pushing employees to work hard for their ambitions (Thomas, 2009). They do not work for rewards, money, or other things like that. A very important point that distinguishes intrinsic motivation from extrinsic motivation is that people who are motivated intrinsically usually show long-term consistency and dedication to their tasks as compared to extrinsically motivated people. Intrinsically motivated people want to satisfy their inner-self and to do this, they put up big efforts. Another very importa nt point is that intrinsically motivated individuals feel more enjoyment and fun in doing things because of which their performance level are on the higher ends most of the times. The desire of personal satisfaction is the key to achieve goals and objectives. Intrinsically mo

Pastoral care Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Pastoral care - Research Paper Example However, it is also a statistically significant disease. Cancer is the second largest annual killer in the United States, second only to heart disease. This paper posits that pastoral care can identify and address the spiritual and emotional needs of the patient, family members, and loved ones. Background Jann Aldredge Clanton's book Counseling People with Cancer sets a major theological theme as hope, and the pastoral task associated with this is to nurture hope through the use of sacred images and stories. This can be done by hearing what is important to the patient and helping the patient put words to their image of Divinity to find comfort during difficult times.1 Counseling the Sick and Terminally III by Gregg Albers is a practical volume written by a physician from an Evangelical Protestant perspective. He discusses the involvement of the whole person in the healing process and the importance of an integrated emotional and spiritual structure. Albers argues that an individual's spiritual maturity can deeply affect emotional and physical healing abilities and emotional reactions are inseparable from physical symptoms. In his experience, he observed in his practice that there are times when emotional reactions to may become more devastating than physical symptoms.2 Albers introduces a unified theory of grief based upon several clinical models of grief reactions and losses, helping others listen for the initial reaction, the shock, denial, and finally the acceptance: He argues that although Kubler-Ross speaks rightly of the positive aspects of hope and its strengthening effects, the Kubler-Ross model does not personalize the hope that can be found in a personal faith.3 Furthermore, patients often experience loss of control, time, bodily functions, body parts, physical attributes, self-esteem, family positions or roles, and income. The degree of loss depends upon the severity and length of the illness.4 Going beyond the Kubler-Ross model, Albers argues that G od can even use these losses to break down psychological defenses. This breaking down of psychological defenses can allow patients to reach out to others for support and build relationships with loved ones. Many studies also demonstrate the value of religious faith at the end of life, and this connection to God or higher power brings strength and helps to sustain individuals living with advanced cancer.5 Some of the more recent work addresses the spiritual needs and resources of the dying patients and their family members. It is helpful to examine a few of these studies. A survey performed by Roberts, Brown, Elkins and Larson at the University of Michigan Medical Center revealed that out of 108 women who described themselves as having some form of fear, 91%feared dependency, 73% feared death, 73 % feared pain and 73% feared loss of control (participants were invited to indicate all fears which applied to them).6 It is interesting to note the primary fear expressed by patients in thi s study was not fear of death, but fear of being dependent on others for care. Another study was conducted by M.F. Highfield at Veterans Administration West-Los Angeles facility which examined the spiritual health of oncology patients through the eyes of the nursing staff.7 Findings from this study indicated that nurses were often ill-equipped to assess

Effects of Media on Political and Social Trust in US Article

Effects of Media on Political and Social Trust in US - Article Example From this discussion it is clear that in democratic societies like USA, media ensures the exchange of opinions and points of view between the people in power and the general public. In liberal democracy, media facilitates   public communication, informs the public, and represents the community. In democratic countries, freedom of press is guaranteed by law. The government may protect information from its public disclosure by classifying it as sensitive, classified or secret.This study outlines that people are said to have political trust when they trust the actions and intentions of the government and politicians. Uncivil exchanges during talks shows drastically reduce social trust. Talk radio can provide an unstructured outlet for public expression.  As listeners engage more and more with the medium, they become exhausted by the political system rather being motivated citizens. Thus, there is no long-term gauge on any medium to see how the media affect on trust in different time s. Social trust is a belief in the honesty, integrity and reliability of others that enables participants to act together more efficiently. Scanning the papers and watching video entertainment content enhance social trust, while examining the television news undermine trust in others.  studies have generated results that 20% of the overall public in America, have a greater impact on the political process than do those with more mixed ideological views.

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 28

Psychology - Essay Example With reference to humans, excellent semantic and episodic memory is present. We are able to remember and recall events with accordance to time, place and manner. Also, humans have the ability to learn and retain tasks and perform them successfully. Using memory is not confined to humans but also to non human animals. Considering animals, it has been difficult to prepare models to test the episodic memory of animals, which can be mainly due to the difference of level of consciousness between humans and non humans. Nevertheless the studies that have been carried out, though they have not yet been able to successfully differentiate between episodic recollection of events from semantic factual knowledge in animals; however, in the main it is assumed that animals recall incidents with no past-time orientation . A dog may be able to remember a familiar face, but would be unable to remember when or where it saw previously. Contradictory to this theory, episodic-like memory has been observed in certain birds. Experiments involving food-caching trials show that some type of birds have been able to successfully recollect the location of their caches, while other types are also able to recall the contents of the cache. These experiments do provide us with substantial evidence that animals do not possess episodic memory as highly developed as humans but certain animals do exhibit some level of episodic-like memory. While taking semantic memory also in view, Tulving, a world-renowned experimental psychologist and cognitive neuroscientist, suggested that episodic memory is unique to humans and not found in animals. Therefore an animal responding to a stimulus for reward basis is demonstration of semantic memory rather than episodic memory (Grondin, 2008). On the other hand, other theories suggest that animals do not have enough semantic networks to develop this type of memory. Therefore their experiences are based on episodic memory. Apes however do display some

Health Systems and Healthcare Systems Coursework

Health Systems and Healthcare Systems - Coursework Example It left the rest of the underprivileged population either to pay for the healthcare services it sought or to go without health care (Newdick 1995, p. 42). Thereby, it became evident to the then Labor government that the people in the UK were being deprived of even the very basic health care because they simply could not afford to pay for it. Thereby, the guiding philosophy behind the envisagement of the National Health Service was to make healthcare more affordable and to assure that even the marginalized UK citizens got access to affordable healthcare. The thing that needs to be understood is that the coming into existence of the National Health Service in the UK was the outcome of a marked shift in the mindset of the policy-making individuals and institutions with regards to health care. For instance, the contrivance of NHS was guided by the emerging belief that health care happened to be a basic right and did not happen to be a luxury doled out as a matter of charity (Gormley 1999, P. 26). The ruling elites in the UK did come to the agreement that the existent health care system in the UK was in a state of abysmal mess and that a National Health Service was needed to replace this lackadaisical and biased system. The good thing was that the health care infrastructure created during the II World War did help a lot in the creation of a National Health Service in the UK (Gormley 1999). The emergency medical services and the healthcare infrastructure created during the II World War did help a lot in the creation of a pan UK National H ealth Service. The II World War had a cataclysmic impact on the governance in general and on the health care in particular. This planned upheaval did go a long way in the envisagement of a very democratic and egalitarian health care system in the UK.

The Status Of Afro-Americans At The Turn Of The 20th Century Essay

The Status Of Afro-Americans At The Turn Of The 20th Century - Essay Example At the turn of the twentieth century, despite equal rights as citizens, the Afro-American community ( 95 % of which was in the Southern States), faced a sharp economic and political divide. (Kelley & Lewis 347). As the sharecropping community of African American farmers were gradually pushed out by white farmers, a phenomenon of urban migration began to the cities of the North – New York, Philadelphia and Chicago (the Great Migration 1916-17). A new trend began in American society, that of racial segregation into ghettos. (Kelley & Lewis 356). Meanwhile as lynchings in the South continued well into the first few decades, racial violence spread into the cities too with organizations like the Ku Klux Klan infiltrating the northern cities. The events and trends that signalled a change from the 1900's onwards was an increased impetus for community building for Afro-Americans : churches, businesses, schools, clubs and lodges (Kelley & Lewis 366). The Church in particular became an important part of Afro-American community life, and the focus for political activism and intellectual leadership that would proliferate over the coming decades. The other important phenomenon was the growth of the Afro-American women's club movement, as the ranks of the National Association of Colored women (NACW) grew to 100,000 by 1920 from only 5,000 in the late 1890's. (Kelley & Lewis 369).

An editorial about the writings of Ida B. Wells Essay Example for Free

An editorial about the writings of Ida B. Wells Essay Ida B. Wells wrote the three pamphlets Southern Horrors (1892), A Red Record (1895), and Mob Rule in New Orleans (1900) as an attempt to publicize the atrocities being committed against African Americans in the New South. These writings are important today, not because lynching of African Americans occurs with any regularity, but because they are accounts contemporary with the events they detail and because the pamphlets illustrate the dangers of: mob rule, justifying immoral acts by claiming to have a moral purpose, and the tendency of people everywhere to strike out against anything new or different with violence. This message is even more relevant today when the current president is so willing to suspend the rights of others so that the people of America can be safe. The fear of one group of people who mistrust another group should never result in suspension of rights of another. Just like the eroding of the rights of African Americans during the time when Wells was writing, the suspension of rights of people who look as if they are or might be terrorists in the current world is wrong and should not be tolerated. Ida B. Wells wrote with two purposes in mind: one was educational, the other was to publicize the atrocities committed in the New South with the hope of eliciting reaction from people who would then help bring an end to Lynch Law and other injustices committed against African Americans. Wells wanted to educate those people who were unfamiliar with the New South regarding the violence and double standards far to common in the South. Wells wrote to tell the facts about lynchings in the South so that people would no longer believe lynching was a response to an egregious crime. She sought to recast lynching in the public eye so that it was not perceived as an understandable though unpleasant response to heinous acts, but as itself a crime against American values (Wells 27). According to Wells the perception that all white women were pure and uninterested in have African Americans as husbands is untrue, there are many white women in the Sought who would marry colored men if such an act would not place them at once beyond the pale of society and within the clutches of the law (Wells 53). At the same time laws forbade African American men and white women from commingling, Wells points out they leave the white man free to seduce all the colored girls he can (Wells 53). Although Wells writing centers on lynching because of alleged rape she makes an important point when she cautions that a concession of the right to lynch a man for any crime, . . . concedes the right to lynch any person for any crime, . . . (Wells 61). Wells also wanted to call citizens of the North, government officials and people in Great Britain to act to end lynch law. She urged them employ boycott, emigration and the press . . . to stamp out lynch law . . . (Wells 72). Ida B. Wells wrote to three different audiences. To those people living in the New South Wells wrote not so much about horrific events that occurred, but about the justifications they used to excuse their behavior. As mentioned above, she wrote of the double standard between the races and of the potential danger of expanding lynching to suit the whims and fancies of any mob at any time. To those Americans living outside the South Wells wrote to shock them with the descriptions of the horrid events, to educate them about how African Americans were still being treated despite the Civil War and despite the Constitutional Amendments guaranteeing rights to African Americans. Wells writes to the people of the North to show them that all is not well in the South and that the advances made in the past were being pushed aside. In her first pamphlet, Southern Horrors, Wells wrote about the existing injustices and ongoing terrorist acts performed against African Americans. To the rest of the world, particularly Great Britain, Wells wrote A Red Record she respectfully submitted [this pamphlet] to the Nineteenth Century civilization in the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave (Wells title page). This pamphlet recounts the numbers and details of more than four hundred lynchings occurring in the United States against African Americans. Wells hoped to appeal to the sensibilities of British people who were potential investors in the South so they would invest elsewhere the appeal to the white mans pocket has ever been more effectual than all the appeals ever made to his conscience. To those in power in the United States Wells wrote Mob Rule in New Orleans to those in power in hopes of their bringing to an end to authorities who allow, and at times encourage mobs to act. Although it is difficult to quantify what the actual affects of Wells writing were, it is clear that during the next century, the groups she wrote for did make great strides toward establishing equality and eliminating injustices based on race. It is not unreasonable to suggest that Wells writing had a hand in starting this process. Wells writings are certainly among the earliest of Post-reconstruction writing to reintroduce the difficulties of African American lives, but they were not the last. It is likely that her writing influenced and encouraged others to continue the work Wells began. As I read through the accounts of these horrible, disgusting lynchings I felt saddened and depressed. Clearly there were many injustices committed and many were people hurt, imprisoned, or killed. Some of these are particularly gruesome such as Chapter III of A Red Record, Lynching Imbeciles: An Arkansas Butchery where Henry Smith was tortured and burned at the stake (Wells 88-98). According to figures gathered by the NAACP (an organization with Wells as one of the founding members) there were 3,318 African Americans killed by lynching between 1892 and 1931. Certainly one cannot dismiss or excuse these egregious acts in any fashion. However I was not particularly surprised or shocked by these events. Perhaps it is because I live in a world where the Jewish Holocaust of World War II is well known, a world where a country, Cambodia, went mad, and slaughtered between 1. 5 and 3 million of 7 million its own citizens. Perhaps it is because I live in a world where the recent genocides in Rwanda and Somalia were largely unknown until made into a wide screen blockbuster movie. Perhaps it is because of the 9/11 attacks (coincidentally the number killed on 9/11 and the number of dead American soldiers in Iraq are remarkably similar to the 3300+ listed in the NAACPs figures). For whatever reason, I find myself somewhat inured against these accounts. I am not sure whether this reveals more about me or about the society I live in, but I cannot help but wonder if Ida B. Wells were writing today would there be any impact at all.Perhaps not: mores the pity. Works Cited Wells, Ida B. Southern Horrors and Other Writings: The Anti-Lynching Campaign of Ida B. Wells, 1892-1900. Ed. with intro Jacqueline Jones Royster. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997.

Autism in schools, crisis or challenge

Autism in schools, crisis or challenge The following report was prepared by the National Autistic Society (England) in 2002 surveying teachers and school administrators from seven local education authorities across England, Wales and Scotland about present state of autistic children in schools. This report is a follow up to a 2000 report titled Inclusion and Autism: is it working? which was taken from the perspective of parents. The surveys completed totaled 373, which makes up 30% a response rate. This represents a total pupil population of 132,646. Teachers surveyed said that 1 in every 86 children they teach have special educational needs that are related to an autism spectrum disorder. The schools also reported that 1 in every 152 children in their schools had a formal diagnosis of an autism disorder. From the survey, it was discovered that there are three times more autistic children in primary school than in secondary school. Statement School-based Total #/10,000 Ratio stages Primary 250 712 962 125 1 in 80 Secondary 75 124 199 37 1 in 268 Whether or not the underlying rate is increasing, there are more children with autism spectrum disorders in English and Welsh schools than ever previously reported. Continuing to place children with Autism in mainstream classrooms without adequate support places unfair pressure on teachers. For the child in question, it will lead to integration with social inclusion or educational progress at best, and destructive behavior and exclusion from school in the worst cases. Educating children with autism spectrum disorder is a huge challenge requiring high levels of skills, expertise and support. While all pupils with autism have individual needs and requirements, certain key issues must be addressed for successful education provision across the spectrum. The key areas include: gaining attention and motivating pupils; promoting social communication and social interaction; structured teaching and behavior management. This places a burden of responsibility on all teachers of pupils with autism, whether in a mainstream or special school setting. Current teaching methods employed for the majority of pupils may be entirely inappropriate for children with autism. Similarly, successful education of autistic children all almost invariably require input from a variety of specialist professionals, including educational psychologists, speech and language therapists and occupational therapists. For the vast majority of children with autism, exclusion represents a failure on the part of the educational setting to provide appropriate support and training to manage their behavior effectively. Frustration can easily be engaged in children with autism by a lack of awareness and understanding on the part of teaching and support staff. In addition, the challenge is magnified many times over in a mainstream environment, where teachers and pupils who may have no experience or understanding of autism need training and support to make inclusion work. So, the question is: Is inclusion working? 65% of the teachers surveyed felt that inclusion is working. There is strong support for the policy of inclusion but the need for training is a major concern in making it work in practice. Inclusion describes an entitlement to education and support for children and adults with disabilities within the mainstream of provision. However, for children with autism, it is vital that inclusion is not viewed as an issue solely for mainstream schools. Despite the governments welcome policy direction towards facilitating mainstream inclusion where this meets the needs of a child, there will undoubtedly always be some children with autism whose individual circumstances require special provision. All children with autism need to be included within the curriculum and the life of the classroom, regardless of their type of educational provision. It remains the case that whatever type of educational provision is deemed to be appropriate for a child, this provision will need to adapt itself to the childs needs to ensure genuine inclusion occurs. This distinguishes inclusion from integration, which best describes the situation when a child with autism or asperger syndrome is placed in a school with no support and is expected to adapt to the curriculum and classroom environment. The teachers were also asked to rank seven measures for meeting the needs of children with autism by relative importance. 1. Promoting social interactions 70% rate high 2. Building strengths/self-esteem 62% 3. Dealing with behavioral problems 57% 4. Speech and language help 49% 5. Structuring the day 47% 6. Preventing bullying and teasing 39% 7. Helping child find the right classroom 20% Children with autism and aspergers have particular problems in communication and social interaction such that, if they are to be successfully included in all aspects of classroom life, they need additional support. Learning support assistants can play a vital role in facilitating peer relationships for children with autism, as well as helping with learning-based functions such as differentiating the curriculum. The following is a quote from a teacher Much faster diagnosis and then adequate, trained support, plus training for the teaching staff. None of this happens in any systematic way. Were all working in the dark! The findings show a majority of teachers who have received training in autism have only received between one and hour hours training. In such a short time, they are unlikely to have received sufficient training to understand crucial areas such as how children with autism learn and how to manage challenging behavior associated with autism. The results of our survey suggest that training teachers and support staff in autism awareness and educational approaches is the most urgent policy priority in the education of children with autism spectrum disorder.

I am a Filipino Through the Eyes of an American Citizen Essay -- Histo

I am a Filipino Through the Eyes of an American Citizen In Webster’s New Dictionary, history is defined as a study of past events; course of life or existence. Without history, we wouldn’t know our cultures, where we came from, and the major events that changed the world. This is true for many people, because some of them don’t know their culture or their families’ history. People of color, especially many minorities who are born in America (second generation) tend to not learn their histories, for they have to adapt to the American lifestyle which make them lose a part of their identity. Another reason why many second generations don’t know their history is that many are learning the American history or many of them are not asking or willing to question the teacher about their history. As for myself, I fit in to that category, because I am one of the many people who don’t know their ethnicity’s history, which is Filipino. Now in the year 2001, I’m in college and wanting to learn and question my people’s history. â€Å"College is one of the best sources to learn your history† (DeGuia). In learning my history, I questioned my friend Rex DeGuia (who is also Filipino) about his life experience and compared his life with my life experience, in which we both have some similarities and differences. Rex DeGuia, a man who identifies himself as a â€Å"Filipino† man, was born in December 4, 1971. He has four family members, whom he loves dearly, and was born in the United States of America, which makes him a second-generation citizen. He lives in a predominately white city of San Fernando Valley. This is one of the reasons why he is Americanized. Growing up was hard for him, for he felt like an outcast. As for me, I too was born in America, ... ...Supervisors. We want to learn more about our identity because it’s an adventure to find your history about your people and about yourself. Overall, DeGuia and I are similar in some things and different in other things. The reason why I chose him was because he played a big part in my life in finding my identity. In high school, he was pushing me to join the club so that I can understand the FOBs’ (Filipino-born) experience. In Balboa High, there is segregation between the Filipino Americans and the Filipino-born. The reason I wanted to join was because I wanted to unite the Filipino Community, and I found it as a challenge for me to do before I leave high school, and be remembered as one of the founder of the Club Mabuhay. Work Citied DeGuia, Rex. Interview by Xander, 30 April 2004, San Francisco, CA, Tape Recording. Chomp On This! Vol. One, San Francisco.

Death of a Salesman :: essays research papers

My Father’s Dream and My Reality The bond between a boy and his father is one that should sustain the test of time. I have looked up to my father for the majority of my life and he’s beliefs of life have influenced the way I grew up to be the man I am today. However in the end, a true man will follow his own dreams and make his own future. My dream was working with my hands in the outdoors. It has taken many years but I now knew that was what I wanted to do with my life. My father, Willy Loman, I believe shared this same passion, however, he suppressed his dreams as it did not fit in with is predetermined mould for a beloved salesman. So, it then became my father’s dream to work in sales and be well-liked. This is what my father had implanted into me from a young age. Now returning home after fourteen years of trying to ‘find myself’, we still had money to pay off on the refrigerator and the mortgage on the house still needed to be paid. These pending debts, like daggers ripping through my dreams, forced me suppress my own dreams and now seek the stable career of a salesman. I had once worked as a salesman for Bill Oliver so I decided to go to him in order to find a job. Bill Oliver’s office was finely furnished and had a wafting smell of cologne. The waiting room walls seemed to tower down upon me somehow mocking me. As with each hour that went by the walls seem to become larger and I become smaller. Sitting in that room waiting hour after hour for Bill Oliver made me think about why I was there and what I was doing. After much deliberation I concluded; I was never a salesman for him, I was just a shipping clerk. I had talked my self up so much that I had turned my dishonesty to what I believed to be true. I had blurred the line between illusion and reality foolishly thinking everyone else would follow. I questioned myself why this was so. The answer to my question lied somewhere in the foundations of my past. Throughout my life I have been filled with great ideas and aspirations but nothing has ever become of them. I am a failure.

Human Responsibilities in Domestic Breeding Essay -- Animals, Domesti

Human Responsibilities in Domestic Breeding Introduction For centuries humans have taken on the role of selectively breeding various animals in the pursuit of specific traits or behaviors. A question that is often ignored, and which I want to address, is what responsibility do the breeders have in selecting dam and sires for a mating, in regard to the offspring from that cross. In the past, animals were regarded with varying levels of respect and moral status. In early hunter-gather societies, animals were perceived as being fully rational, sentient and intelligent beings and thus be treated with due respect and consideration (1). With the advent of animal husbandry came changes in the way animals were viewed. Initially, it was common to elevate them to the status of â€Å"zoomorphic gods† and incorporated strict respect and kindness toward animals (1)(2). The respect towards animals changed over time and the different views became very disparate. Some groups saw animals merely as tools and others advocated vegetarianism and virtual ly equal moral status with humans. The beginnings of modern science, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries drastically diminished the moral status of animals, due in part to the ideas of Rene Descartes. [reference] Animals were widely seen as organic but soulless matter, similar to a machine. These views supported vivisections and other degradations towards animals as acceptable. Today, a whole spectrum exists on the moral status of animals, however, I believe the most convincing is the Equal Consideration and Unequal Moral Status proposed by David Degrazia (3). Basically, Degrazia proposes that the lives of humans and animals are relevantly different and an animal could be harmed if â€Å"needful†. .. ...ay not have any interests in common with humans, through selective mating. This last point adds a layer of complexity to the decision-making process but does not change the ethics in this case based on Wasserman’s argument. For example if, for whatever reason, a dog wanted long hair but the breeder thought that short hair would be more comfortable due to the climate, the breeder does not wrong the offspring because his motivation was, in his perspective, best for the offspring. Conclusion Therefore, based on the argument by Rollins we have an obligation to all domestic animals because we have fashioned a world where they are no longer capable of living on their own. Furthermore, having taken the responsibility to selectively breed them we have the duty to provide the proper balance of genetic diversity because that is in the best interests of the offspring.

Acre Wood Retirement Community Case Study Essay

The pool design was not in tune with the original design, so what was promised was not delivered. Funds allotted were not fully used. Sarah’s complaint in the newspaper would create another legal issue and would invite public outcry against the organization. Ethical issues: – The director was not concerned about the welfare of public even though the organization’s mission was to improve the quality of life of its residents both physically and emotionally. Lack of commitment to visit the pool and refusing to look into Sarah’s complaints were other ethical issues. A2.   The behaviour of director only promoted greed (underutilization of money), irresponsibility (refusing to visit the pool and not listening to the complaints), unethical practices (not concerned about public safety; totally against the organization’s vision) and partiality (promoting Gene who wasn’t complaining) A3.   A role model is some one who inspires, motivates and ultimately brings out the best in the follower by making him realize his own potential. Ethics are one of the key determinants of a role model. An ethical role model is one who puts his organization’s goal ahead of his personal goals, who does not promote malpractices, who is always ready to look in to matters which interest public health and welfare and one who is always ready to listen to his employees suggestion. The director had all the qualities missing which surely don’t make him an ethical role model.   

American Horror Story: the Affects of Sex and Violence in Media

Media Analysis: American Horror Story American Horror Story is an FX horror-drama television show, as well as an anthology series; each season of the show has a different cast and storyline. The show was created by Ryan Murphy (creator of the FOX show Glee) and Brad Falchuk (producer of Nip/Tuck), and premiered on October 5, 2011. The first season of the show follows the Harmon family as they settle into their new home in Los Angeles. They are unaware, however, that the mansion is haunted by its many former owners. The two main topics in which we covered in class that are utilized in the show are frightening and sexual content in media.The focus of the first season is on infidelity and temptation. Ben and Vivien Harmon moved to Los Angeles from Boston with their daughter Violet in an attempt to start over and save their fragile marriage, after Ben had an affair with one of his students. Although they think the move will help, it only worsens their situation. The cable series is full of as much violence and sexual content as the writers and producers can get away with. With multiple instances of violence, sex, and nudity in every episode, the show draws a very large audience.American Horror Story is FX’s most viewed series, with the pilot of the first season bringing in 3. 2 million viewers. The show gained viewers as it progressed, and the premiere of the second season had 3. 85 million viewers. In an interview by AfterElton. com contributor Brian Juergens, when asked about what he wanted to bring to the horror genre, producer Brad Falchuk said â€Å"In the case of the horror genre, your main goal is to scare people. You want people to be a little bit off balance afterwards. You want people to have their friends sleep over that night.And you want to deliver iconic images that stay with people. † The writers of American Horror Story make use of many of the subjects from chapter 13 of our textbook. There are many realistic scenarios that occur in th e series, such as a home invasion and multiple murders. This is an example of stimulus generalization. Because many of the scenes are highly realistic, the generalization stimulus is very high, which consequently increases the fearful or emotional response. American Horror Story is rated TV-MA, which means that it is intended for mature audiences, and not children (usually age 17 or older).It also has a sub rating of LSV (offensive language, strong sexual content, and violence and gore). R-rated videos and magazines contain far more profane and explicit sexual content than network television shows, but sexual remarks and suggestions are becoming ever more frequent in public media today. In American Horror Story there are elements of the four major themes of sexuality in media. Sexual scenes in the show include examples of domination (sexual control of a person), exploitation (coercion of one person by way of power or status), reciprocity (consensual sex), and autoeroticism (self-sti mulation, such as masturbation).In the pilot of the first season Ben walks in on the housekeeper, Moira, masturbating. She tries to get him to sleep with her but he goes to another room and masturbates as well. Yet another storyline consists of Ben’s former student, Hayden, in which he had an affair with, who shows up and tries to convince him to stay with her. These scenes, along with many others throughout the season, go back to the theme of infidelity and temptation. The trailer for the first season of American Horror Story gives the basic plot of the show. It also makes use of frightening music and sounds to get the attention of fans of the horror genre.The season two trailer also highlights each character’s traits and occupations briefly (Leo’s photography, Shelley’s sensuality, Lana Winters’ love for her partner, Wendy, etc. ). These short advertisements appeal to viewers by the use of catharsis. The audience of American Horror Story wants to be scared. It’s a way for them to escape, or animate, their own violent predispositions or inclinations; to purge themselves of their personal worries and apprehensions. Personally speaking, I find the sadistic and erotic nature of the show enjoyable.It allows me and other viewers to gain vicious pleasure by identifying with the immoral and shady personalities of the characters in the show. The intent of the show can be pretty well summed up by the theories of scholar and professor, Dolf Zillmann, in Fundamentals of Media Effects (Bryant and Thompson): â€Å"Zillmann (1991a, 1991b) described horror as frightening because it releases empathetic responses toward victims and makes viewers apprehensive about becoming victims themselves. In other words, viewers identify with the victims and experience their terror vicariously.Horror also frightens viewers because of their apprehensions; they fear being victims themselves. Finally, horror usually features a satisfying ending that viewers enjoy. † American Horror Story has had its share of controversy with viewers already. Erin Brown, contributor for the Culture and Media Institute at the Media Research Center, writes: â€Å"The premiere of â€Å"American Horror Story† wasn't just sexually and physically repulsive. Flashback scenes also featured a large dose of verbal and mental cruelty toward a Down syndrome girl – including her mother, played by Jessica Lange, wishing she'd aborted her.To add to the violence, sex and abuse, there were 13 versions of the word â€Å"s**t,† and such delightful terms as â€Å"p***y† and â€Å"c**ksucker. † With all this objectionable content, Entertainment Weekly still named American Horror Story one of its â€Å"Top Ten Things We Love this Week† putting it on their famous â€Å"Must List† in the October 7 issue. â€Å"This show has a potential to literally be shattering to all of the things that we consider to be normal ,† one of the actors said during production. † Many parental reviews of the show describe it as disturbing, terrifying, and even repulsive.The three main age groups discussed in the Reactions to Disturbing or Frightening Media Content chapter of Fundamentals of Media Effects, 3-8, 9-12, and 12-17, are all thought to be too young for most parents. Some critics also consider American Horror Story to be a strained and overexcited mess. Though there are many frightening elements to the show, most of them are written off as cliche. The fact that in society today we are so used to seeing violence and sexual content in media, these happenings in the show are not as disconcerting as they would have been in the decades prior to the twenty-first century.

Pre Natal Diognostic Techniques Health And Social Care Essay

The Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques ( Regulation and Prevention of Misuse ) Act, 1994, was enacted and brought into operation from 1st January, 1996, in order to look into female foeticide in India. Rules have besides been framed under the Act. The Act prohibits finding and revelation of the sex of fetus i.e. antenatal sex understanding by misapplying different pre-natal diagnostic techniques and processs. It besides prohibits any advertizements associating to pre-natal finding of sex and prescribes penalty for its dispute. Any individual who contravenes the commissariats of this Act is punishable with imprisonment and mulct. Recently, PNDT Act[ 1 ]and Rules[ 2 ]have been amended maintaining in position the emerging engineerings and new pre-natal diagnostic techniques for choice of sex before and after construct and jobs faced in the working of execution of the ACT and certain waies of Hon'ble Supreme Court after a PIL was filed in May, 2000 by CEHAT and Ors, an NGO on slow execution of the Act. These amendments have come into operation with consequence from 14th February, 2003PRE-NATAL DIOGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURESPrenatal diagnostic proving involves proving the fetus before the birth ( prenatally ) inorder to find as to whether the fetus has certain abnormalcies, including certain familial or self-generated familial upsets. Some of these trials, such as echography and certain blood trials, are frequently portion of everyday prenatal attention. Ultrasonography and blood trials are safe and sometimes assist find whether more invasive antenatal familial trials ( such as chorionic villus sampling, am niocentesis, and transdermal umbilical blood sampling ) are needed. Prenatal diagnosing enables early diagnosing of inborn anomalousnesss and familial upsets in the underdeveloped embryo. The population hazard of holding a kid with some inborn abnormalcy, whether genetically and/or environmentally determined, varies between 3 and 5 % . In households at hazard of a familial upset the chance of holding an affected kid can transcend several fold the population hazard, hence in these households prenatal diagnostic processs should be purely applied.[ 3 ] Advanced conceive ofing techniques every bit good as cytogenetic and molecular biological science methods provide the agencies to name prenatally legion inborn structural deformities and familial upsets in high- hazard households. Early diagnosing in utero can turn out indispensable to direction of the gestation, antenatal and postpartum medical attention, and intervention. It is besides important to doing informed determinations about go oning or ending the gestation. Familial guidance in association with modern antenatal diagnostic processs constitutes a basic component of bar of inborn anomalousnesss and familial upsets. The procedure of antenatal guidance and diagnosing is committed chiefly to reassigning information which aims to assist the parents: – 1. To understand and admit the indicants for antenatal diagnosing, 2. To understand the medical facets of doing the diagnosing of a familial disease or a inborn abnormalcy ( by qualifying the upset, form of heritage, the hazard of holding an affected kid in consecutive coevalss ) , 3. To do informed picks about the adequate for a given pathology and acceptable diagnostic strategy ( by depicting the possible diagnostic methods and processs, their benefits, restrictions and hazards ) . Harmonizing to World Health Organisation ( WHO ) and European Commission ‘s recommendations, antenatal diagnosing should be voluntary and performed merely in order to get cognition about fetal wellness position ( as described by medical indicants ) . Feasibility of antenatal diagnosing should be equal, just, and available to anyone, irrespective of the twosome ‘s or medical practician ‘s attitude towards expiration of gestation. In instance of having an unnatural consequence, the determination about expiration of the gestation should be made independently by the adult female or the twosome. Peoples doing such determinations should non be discriminated against, whatever determination they have made: either ending the gestation or giving birth to a disabled kid. Methods of antenatal diagnosing can be divided into: – ( a ) Non-Invasive ; and ( B ) Invasive techniques.NON-INVASIVE PROCEDURESNon-Invasive techniques are used for naming inborn anomalousnesss and hazard appraisal of given familial upsets ( testing ) aˆ? Ultrasound: Routine obstetric ultrasound scan: – Everyday obstetric ultrasound scanning performed by the obstetrician pull offing the gestation. Standards for normal gestations provide for four scans carried out at: 11-14 hebdomads, 21-26 hebdomads, 27-32 hebdomads, and 40 hebdomad of gestation. High-resolution ultrasound scan and Doppler surveies: – Performed in any gestation with an increased hazard of fetal structural abnormalcies, isolated or portion of a familial syndrome. Womans are referred for high-resolution ultrasound to specialist Centres pull offing bad gestations. In recent old ages 3-dimensional ultrasound ( 3D ) and 4-dimensional ultrasound ( 4D ) have started to play an increasing function in antenatal diagnosing. They can be applied in measuring facial characteristics, cardinal nervous system abnormalcies and skeletal defects. Fetal bosom echocardiography: – Performed at 18-23 hebdomads of gestation in the presence of an increased hazard of bosom defect ( for illustration: bosom defect in a parent or sibling, unnatural modus operandi ultrasound ) aˆ? Magnetic resonance imagination ( MRI ) MRI is used in combination with ultrasound, normally at or after 18 hebdomads ‘ gestation. MRI provides a tool for scrutiny of fetuss with big or complex anomalousnesss, and visual image of the abnormalcy in relation to the full organic structure of the fetus. Apparently MRI is a riskless method. aˆ? Maternal serum biochemistry provingINVASIVE PROCEDURESInvasive processs involve direct scrutiny of fetal cells or tissues. Classical cytogenetic, molecular and biochemical methods ( performed on artless or civilized cells ) are the most often used in antenatal invasive diagnosing. The processs should take topographic point in specializer Centres that manage bad gestations. When sing invasive methods all indicants and standards need to be carefully evaluated as there is a considerable hazard to the gestation[ 4 ]. Invasive techniques include: aˆ? Chorionic villus sampling ( trophoblast cells analysis ) aˆ? Amniocentesis ( amnionic fluid cells analysis ) aˆ? Cordocentesis ( Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling ) As per The Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques ( Prohibition of Sex Selection ) Act, 1994, pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques includes[ 5 ]: – Ultra-sonography Fetoscopy Taking samples of amnionic fluid, embryo, blood or any tissue or fluid of pregnant adult females before or after construct, Testing samples in Genetic Laboratory to observe familial upsets, abnormalcies or sex-linked diseases Out of the above stated antenatal techniques, the most normally used sex-determination trial is ammnicentesis. It was used as an assistance to observe any abnormalcy in the unborn kid. But over the old ages it has been used to find the sex of the fetus. In India since 1978 the trial is being used as a sex finding or sex preselection trial. Since so the trial has become highly popular and has led to a mushrooming of private clinics which perform the trial all over the state. Earlier physicians employed the controversial amniocentesis trial done between 14-18 hebdomads to find the sex of the foetus.The ultrasound technique has besides been improved. The sex of a fetus can be determined by more sophisticated machines within 13-14 hebdomads of gestation by trans-vaginal echography and by 14 to 16 hebdomads through abdominal ultrasound. These methods have rendered sex finding cheap and easy. Some sophisticated method like Erison method which separates the Ten and Y Chromos from the sperm and so Injects back merely Y chromos into the uterus to guarantee a male child have besides been developed. And they cost around Rupees 15,000 to 25,000.[ 6 ]THE PROBLEM OF FOETICIDE IN INDIAThe Women who constitute half of the human population have been discriminated, harassed and exploited irrespective of the state to which they belong, forgetful of the faith which they profess and unmindful of the timeframe in which they live.[ 7 ]Everywhere adult females are confronted with many challenges. Female foeticide is possibly one of the worst signifiers of force against adult females where a adult female is denied her most basic and cardinal right i.e â€Å" the right to life † . The phenomenon of female foeticide in India is non new, where female embryos or fetuss are selectively eliminated after pre-natal sex finding, therefore extinguishing miss kid even before they are born. As a consequence of selective abortion, between 35 and 40 million misss and adult females are losing from the Indian population. In some parts of the state, the sex ratio of misss to boys has dropped to less than 800:1000. The United Nations has expressed serious concern about the state of affairs. The long standing tradition of boy penchant, coupled with medical engineering now gives to the position witting Indian households, the pick between payment of big doweries for their girls or riddance of girls. The traditional method of acquiring rid of the unwanted miss kid was female infanticide, where the female babe was done off with after birth in assorted ways – either by poisoning the babe or allowing her choking coil on chaff or merely by oppressing her skull under a charpoy. With the promotion of medical engineering sophisticated techniques can now be used or instead misused, to acquire rid of her before birth. Through ultrasound scans and amniocentesis, the sex of the fetus can be determined during the gestation of the adult female and so the fetus is aborted if found to be female.[ 8 ] In Indian society, female foeticide has emerged as a firing societal job during the last few old ages. The miss kid in India is treated right from her birth as an extra load, an excess oral cavity to feed, a liability and another adult male ‘s belongings. The birth of a boy is regarded as indispensable in Hinduism and many supplications and munificent offerings are made in temples in the hope of holding a male kid. Modern medical engineering is used in the service of this faith driven devaluating of adult females and misss. Woman is created at par with adult male in all facets. â€Å" Womans have equal rights with work forces upon Earth ; in faith and society, they are a really of import component. Divine Justice demands that the rights of both sexes should be every bit respected since neither is superior to the other in the eyes of Heaven. † These important statements from the Bahai ‘s authorship are regarded by Bahai ‘s as looks of the Divine Will. To depri ve adult females randomly of their rights and privileges, or to strip them to even being born or killing them in babyhood is both immoral and unfair, a misdemeanor of God ‘s jurisprudence. It has a damaging consequence on the society and the persons who are involved in this pattern are responsible for such Acts of the Apostless.[ 9 ]But does the Indian society accept this world? If so why female foeticide and female infanticide are on the addition? The sex ratio has altered systematically in favor of male childs since the beginning of the twentieth century, and the consequence has been most pronounced in the provinces of Punjab, Haryana and Delhi. It was in these provinces that private fetal sex finding clinics were foremost established and the pattern of selective abortion became popular from the late seventiess. Worryingly, the tendency is far stronger in urban instead than rural countries, and among literate instead than illiterate adult females. No uncertainty, if this pat tern continues it will upset the societal balance and it may take to serious jobs like addition in sexual offenses, sharing of adult females within and outside marriage and greater insecurity to adult females.[ 10 ]Female foeticide and Female Infanticide:Female foeticide is aborting the female babe in the female parent ‘s uterus. Whereas female infanticide is killing a babe miss after she is being born. The pattern of killing the female kid after her birth has been predominating in our society for many old ages. But foeticide is the bequest and part of the advancement made by the medical scientific discipline. Amniocentesis was introduced in 1975 to observe fetal abnormalcies but it shortly began to be used for finding the sex of the babe. Ultrasound scanning, being a non-invasive technique, rapidly gained popularity and is now available in some of the most distant rural countries. Both techniques are now being used for sex finding with the purpose of abortion if the fetus tur ns out to be female. With the coming of denationalization and commercialisation, the usage of pre-natal diagnostic engineerings is turning into a thriving concern in India. This is chiefly for the intent of sex finding selective abortion of the female fetus. The abuse of engineering merely reinforces the secondary position given to girl kids in such a manner that they are culled out even before they are born.[ 11 ] Compared to infanticide, foeticide is likely a more acceptable agencies of disposing off the unwanted miss kids. Infanticide can be an overtly barbarian and cold pattern while foeticide that is carried out by skilled professionals is a medical pattern that uses scientific techniques and accomplishments and reduces the guilt factor associated with the full exercising. The nose count 2001 and the recent intelligence studies informations indicate a inexorable demographic image of worsening female to male ratios. Surprisingly the most affected provinces are progressive provinces like Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Gujarat. Harmonizing to UN norms, male-female ratio in the universe is normally 1050 females for 1000 males. But in India, this ratio is dropping down to about 850 per 1000. In Human Development Survey Report besides, India is placed in 124th place among 173 states. It is a fact that our state is much behind compared to other states in regard of instruction, wellness and gender discrimination7. The chief causes of worsening sex ratio in India society is due to female foeticide and female infanticide. Foeticide is a misdemeanor of a right of an unborn kid i.e. right to life. It besides has deduction on the wellness of the female parent. At the wider degree, it affects position of adult females and has serious ecological and demographical branching. It is a grave job that affects the life and wellness of society. And yet the job of female foeticide and female infanticide has received small attending.Pre-Natal Sex Selection and the Law:Parliament has realised the grave deductions originating out of the abuse of the pre- natal diagnostic techniques and hence intended to modulate its usage merely for certain medical intents. The Government has realized that maltreatment of techniques for finding of sex of the fetus taking to female foeticide is prejudiced against the female sex and besides affects the self-respect and position of adult females. With the above aims, the Parliamen t has passed the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques ( Regulation and Prevention of Misuse ) Act 1994 ; which came into force from 01.01.1996. Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques ( Regulation and Prevention of Misuse ) Act,1994: This Act provides for the ordinance of the usage of pre-natal diagnostic techniques for the intent of observing familial or metabolic upsets or chromosomal abnormalcies or certain inborn deformities or sex-linked upsets and for the bar of the abuse of such techniques for the intent of pre-natal sex finding taking to female foeticide. The statute law seeks to accomplish the undermentioned aims. Prohibition of the abuse of pre-natal diagnostic techniques for finding of sex fetus, taking to female foeticide. Prohibition of advertizement of the techniques for sensing or finding of sex. Regulation of the usage of techniques merely for the specific intent of observing familial abnormalcies or upsets. Permission to utilize such techniques merely under certain conditions by the registered establishment. Punishment for misdemeanor of the commissariats of the Act ; and To supply deterrent penalty to halt such cold Acts of the Apostless of female foeticide[ 12 ] The PNDT Act, nevertheless, for all purposes and intents has proved to be a toothless piece of statute law. The job with the Act is twofold: – Interpretation of the Act and Execution of the Act. Despite the purpose and intent of the Act being broad and all encompassing, it has been interpreted by the ultrasonologists, the abortionists, the physicians and more shockingly the authorities likewise, to except pre-conceptual sex choice. A PIL request was filed in the Supreme Court by the Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied Themes ( CEHAT ) , Mahila Sarvangeena Utkarsh Mandal ( MASUM ) and Dr. Sabu M. George pressing effectual execution of the Act. The Supreme Court passed an order on 4th may 2001[ 13 ]which aims at guaranting the execution of the Act, stop uping the assorted loopholes and establishing a broad media run on the issue. The 2nd end of registering the PIL is the amendment of the Act to include pre-and during construct techniques, like X and Y chromosome separation Pre-implantational Genetic Diagnosis ( PGD ) . The order mostly concerns merely the execution of the Act and seting the needed substructure in topographic point. However, the order entrusts the duty of analyzing the necessity to amend the Act to the Central Supervisory Boards, maintaining in head emerging engineerings and the troubles encountered in the execution of the Act and to do recommendations to the Cardinal Government.[ 14 ]The Su preme Court besides observed: – â€Å" It is unfortunate that for one ground or the other, the pattern of female infanticide still prevails despite the fact that soft touch of a girl and her voice has comforting consequence on the parents. One of the grounds may be the matrimony jobs faced by the parents coupled with the dowry demand by the alleged educated and/or rich individuals who are good placed in the society. The traditional system of female infanticide whereby female babe was done off with after birth by poisoning or allowing her choking coil on chaff continues in a different signifier by taking advantage of progress medical techniques. Unfortunately, developed medical scientific discipline is misused to acquire rid of a girl kid before birth † . B ) Pre-Conception And Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques ( Prohibition of sex choice ) Act 2002: Based on the Supreme Court order and the recommendations of the Central Supervisory Board, the Parliament on December 20 passed the Pre- construct and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques ( Prohibition of Sex Selection ) Act 2002. Some of the relevant commissariats of this Act are stated below: The Act provides for the prohibition of sex choice, before or after construct. It regulates the usage of pre-natal diagnostic techniques, like ultrasound and amniocentesis by leting them their usage merely to observe: a ) Genetic abnormalcies B ) Metabolic upsets degree Celsius ) Chromosomal abnormalcies vitamin D ) Certain inborn deformities vitamin E ) Haemoglobinophathies degree Fahrenheit ) Sexual activity linked upsets. No research lab or Centre or clinic will carry on any trial including echography for the intent of finding the sex of the fetus. No individual, including the 1 who is carry oning the process as per the jurisprudence, will pass on the sex of the fetus to the pregnant adult female or her relations by words, marks or any other method. Any individual who puts an advertizement for pre-natal and pre-conception sex finding installations in the signifier of a notice, round, label, wrapper or any papers, or advertises through inside or other media in electronic or print signifier or engages in any seeable representation made by agencies of billboard, wall picture, signal, light, sound, smoke or gas, can be imprisoned for up to three old ages and fined Rs. 10,000. Right to Life of Foetus: Our Constitution provides for the Right to Equality under Article 14 and right to populate with self-respect under Article 21. Sexual activity – sensing trials violate both these rights. Right to life is a well- established right and is recognized by assorted international instruments. Now the inquiry is, Does a fetus enjoy this right? We do non hold a definite reply. Globally, Constitutions recognize the holiness of life, yet have failed to adequately protect the life of fetus. Judicial dictums are besides non conclusive and vary in different legal powers. In India the right to life is guaranteed to every individual under the Constitution of India. The construct of personhood complicates the place of legal position of fetus. Often tribunals shy from replying this inquiry due to complex issues that arise in finding this inquiry – like when does foetus attains personhood? This inquiry is perplexing the tribunals worldwide. There is a despairing demand for the tribunals t o come clear on this critical issue and acknowledge the rights of the fetus.[ 15 ] In India, Article 21 of the Constitution guarantees the life and autonomy of every individual.[ 16 ]But it is dubious if this would include the life of fetus as the significance is restricted by the usage of the word individual. The Indian Constitution has recognized the right to life under Article 21 as besides recognized in several cases.But this is barely available to the unwanted miss kid. Hence the right of the miss kid may be construed in broader footings and should be inferred as: – Right to be born and non to be aborted merely because she is a miss. Right to stay alive after birth and non to be killed at any minute after birth. Right of the miss kid to her head her organic structure, right to childhood and compensate to a healthy household environment.[ 17 ] However there are a figure of legislative acts that indirectly provide protection to the life of fetus. The Indian penal codification under assorted commissariats makes doing miscarriage an offense.[ 18 ].DecisionPeoples both in rural every bit good as in urban countries have to be made cognizant about the demand of a female kid in the societal surroundings as that of a boy. A progressive statute law entirely can non work out societal jobs. The people must be cognizant of the progressive statute law which has certain deterrent facts. Many adult females are compelled to undergo trials and seek abortion on acceptable every bit good as unacceptable evidences under irresistible impulse. A new spirit has to be imbibed propagating that a female kid is non a expletive. It is non a liability. It is non a drain on the economic system. It is non an instrument through which dowery has to be given. A feeling has to be nurtured that she is the girl, she is the female parent and she is the life sp ouse.[ 19 ] Foeticide can non be controlled unless the equation alterations and households begin to value their girls more than they do at nowadays. It does non take much to kill an infant girl even without the assistance of engineering, if she is unwanted. Among all the factors, which need attending, instruction is the most of import. In parts of South Asia where instruction and employment chances for adult females are comparatively high, the female to male ratio is comparable to that the developed states. For case in Sri Lanka the sex ratio is 102 adult females per 100 work forces and in Indian province of Kerala 104 adult females per 100 work forces. This reflects towards the deep frozen manifold, short and long-run effects of instruction on the outlook and life form of people. If we want to halt the female foeticide or disregard of adult females, we have to halt looking for speedy holes and alternatively face the job forthrightly. There is no manner to guarantee the healthy endurance of babe misss unless households find them deserving fostering. That is so a complex undertaking, which allows for no easy short-run solutions. Militants ‘ intercession has non led to controling sex finding trials. The existent challenge before us is to calculate out ways in which a realisation of the value of girls can be enhanced in the eyes of their ain households. All those who have a interest in it apart from the authorities governments, like adult females ‘s group, wellness groups, non-governmental organisations, the academe, the media and most significantly the medical professionals have to play their portion to see that the commissariats are implemented and the commissariats are strengthened by amendments of the act. Unless societal action is supplemented wi th prompt execution of the commissariats and the ordinances under the jurisprudence meant to halt female foeticide, such patterns will go on to boom. To guarantee smilings on the faces of our young person, both male childs and misss, allow us escalate joint attempts to root out unhealthy societal elements, ‘Now ‘ since future depends upon what we do in the present. Dayss are non so far, when there may be outgrowth of the state of affairs where brides will non be available for the matrimony of the boies to keep line of descent and go on the human race of even those people who believe on long standing tradition of boy penchant, that â€Å" lone boies can offer Pyre Pindadana, Mukhagni, among others and non the girls † . Therefore it is felt that the mentalities of the people should be changed right from now towards the importance of the miss kid in the household. There is an pressing demand to change the demographic composing of India ‘s population and to undertake this barbarous signifier of force against adult females. The passage of any jurisprudence is non sufficient, Torahs must be adhered to and applied strictly, before any alteration in the position of adult females can take topographic point. Inspite of the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques ( Prohibition of Sex Selection ) Act umteen incidences of female foeticide are taking topographic point in India. There is still extreme contention as to who will function as the watchdog to command the abuse of the pattern of female foeticide. Promoting gender balanced society involves aiming behavioral alterations in society which in bend involves a long term community based intercession, consciousness programmes, programmes to advance girl kids ‘s right, turn toing myths related to sons/ girls and concerted attempts to alter the mentality of people. Sensitization of medical practicians , implementing a system of moralss in the medical profession and monitoring of medical services available to people is an pressing demand. It is so clip to stimulate attempts to set genders equality at the top of development docket and contribute in whatever manner we can to give chances to girl kids to blossom and reflect. Apart from the above, a feeling has to be inculcated in the heads of the people that she is the girl, she is the sister, she is the female parent and she is the life spouse of a adult male.

Aesthetic Reading: Reading for Appreciation and Enjoyment Essay

Aesthetic reading is for entertainment. * Reading to explore one. * In Aesthetic reading, the reader’s attention is centered directly on what he likes through during his relationship with that particular text.† * Non-academicals purposes of reading. Aesthetic Stance is for experience * Recreational reading. * Fulfills an important function in lives. * Reading for pleasure or aesthetic reading, been described as â€Å"the most hidden literary practice†. * Aesthetic reading been viewed as â€Å"symbolic withdrawal†. Reading for appreciation * One that is designed to head the learner to understand and enjoy something. Let’s get the most out of Literature * Reading literary selections like poems, short stories, novels, plays, or essays, not only provide pleasure. * It also develop your analytical skills as you must consider each part of the text separately before you can interpret the meaning of the entire work and eventually appreciate it. Poems express ideas in a tighter, more compact way than prose as they do not include details and explanations common to the short story or novel. They are more concentrated, suggestive, and rhythmical than prose as they resort to the use of symbols, figurative language, and imagery, which tend to leave more to a reader’s imagination rather than giving everything he needs to know. Poems may be: * Lyric poem expresses the observations and the feeling of a single speaker. * Narrative poems are stories told in prose. Often narrative poems, even ballads have all the elements of the short stories, such as plot, characters and setting. Poems may take the form of: * Haiku – an unrhymed verse form, consisting of three lines. The first and third lines contain five syllables while the second line consists of seven syllables. * Tanka – another verse form. It has thirty-one syllables arrange in five lines (five, seven, five, seven, seven). * Cinquain – a poetic unrhymed form consisting of five lines. * Diamante – a seven line, diamond shaped poem.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 21

Essay Example It might not help in generating additional revenues in the short-run. But, it can enhance employee productivity in the long-run through maintaining a healthy relation with them and becoming responsible for their personal well-being. Again, through maintaining a good customer relation, the company can create a positive image in the society that will definitely help it in winning customer loyalty. Moreover, a good image can help a company in preventing implementations of government regulations on its activities that are sometimes known to be a consequence of popular public demands. This paper however, concentrates upon corporate social responsibilities, i.e., a corporate house’s concern towards environmental sustainability and climate changes and the strategies that a corporate should adopt to protect them (Social Responsibility and Organizational Ethics, 2001). Environmental sustainability implies the measures that an organisation can take for the purpose of environmental protection and thus social welfare. It becomes a very important aspect of corporate responsibility since the well-being of the entire population as well as the future generation depends on it. Some important terminology being used in this paper while discussing the strategies that a company should ideally undertake for environmental protection and making room for climate changes are – Natural Resources – these are resources that are found in nature and are not necessary to be created artificially. Natural Resources can be of two types – exhaustible and inexhaustible. The former ones are those that cannot be restored once they are spent and hence need to be used with much care and concern. On the other hand, inexhaustible resources are those that could be restored and thus do not have a diminishing stock. So, it becomes an important corporate responsibility to protect these exhaustible natural resources and make as little use as possible of them, since everything in our nature

God the Communicator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

God the Communicator - Essay Example He also presents in the article that through Jesus’ deeds in His earthly living, healing, feeding, comforting and restoring life, He communicates to His people in action as well (Fjeldstad, 2010). God as the Holy Spirit is also a Communicator, as He guides us in our daily lives, and reveals God’s message to us. In the article God is manifested as a Communicator in His totality. The apostle Paul as cited in the article is a wonderful example of a Christian communicating to God and for God. There is a need for every Christian to understand that he is a communicator, tasked to share the gospel to other people (Fjeldstad, 2010). As God is a Communicator in action, so must Christians convey God’s message, not merely through speaking the good news to others, but to be testimonies of Him, keeping in mind what Kraft states that â€Å"the messenger himself/herself is the major component of the total message,† thus â€Å"we are a major part of the message that we seek to communicate† (as cited in Fjeldstad, 2010). Indeed, communication, which is the ability to express oneself, is God’s gift to humanity (Fjeldstad, 2010). Individuals, particularly Christians should see the vitality of communication in their living. By giving importance to this gift, Christians are able to convey the truth, share the gospel, and save souls unto the Lord. Also through the use of this gift, God Himself can unveil His timely revelation to His people. By communication Christians understand the purpose of their existence, not merely as beings to enjoy the gift of life God has bestowed, but to fulfill the duty to be stewards over His creation, to be His testimony, and to be instruments for the acceptance of souls to receive Him as the

Trustees Duties and Powers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Trustees Duties and Powers - Essay Example â€Å"A Trust is an arrangement where one or more persons (the â€Å"Trustees†) hold property for another person or persons (the â€Å"Beneficiaries†). This relationship is governed primarily by the document creating the trust (the â€Å"Trust Deed†) and by legislation and case law. Legal ownership of Trust property is in the Trustees’ names but the beneficial interest belongs to the beneficiaries. The idea behind a Trust is the concept of duty. Trustees are under a duty to deal with the property in their hands in the interests of the beneficiaries. If they do not do so, they will be in breach of Trust and the beneficiaries may seek relief from the courts to ensure that the terms of the Trust are carried out.† Understanding from the above explanation, we find that a trust is an arrangement of one or more persons, who are known as the trustees. Over here, Sally is a trustee. A trustee arranges property, which may also be included as cash money, for the benefit of another person or persons, and those persons are known as beneficiaries. Therefore, from the understanding of the quoted text, we may figure out that under this circumstance, Harry and Caroline. The question is whether George may be included as a beneficiary for the 25,000 USD legacies. With regard to the first question, the trust which Sally had held for George is a secret trust. She has put the 25,000 on her own legacy as the money which is deemed to be distinguished from the main trust beneficial to her 2 children. There are many reasons why an individual might want to have a protective trust against the name of an outsider, however the purpose is to allow a certain sum of money as a safeguard in case of any misfortune or unfortunate event happening in the distribution of the trust. Since Bill is the executor of the will, it is on his discretion to award the legacy of the trust to George. The gift which Sally has given to George is a valid gift under the law of trust and therefore should be awarded to the beneficiary, which is George on the discretion of Bill himself. B) The second question is as follows: â€Å"Harry has, since Sally’s death, been made bankrupt. He asks for money from his trust fund to buy a house for himself Louise and George to live in. † As mentioned before, Harry is one of the main beneficiaries in the distribution of the trust. Even though his mother did not approve of his lifestyle and found him to be irresponsible to carry out the duties as beneficiary properly, there is no denying to the fact that he is indeed one of the beneficiaries and therefore has all the rights under the trust law to claim his stake in the property left by his mother. Understanding from the above statement, only the trustee has the power to assign where the trust is distributed, and the document of trust has the final binding nature with respect to the distribution of the trust property. Over here, Sally had assigned a protective trust to her son of an amount of 500,000 USD to be given to him, and the rest on RSCPA. â€Å"In order to understand a protective trust, it is first necessary to understand the purpose of its establishment. In contrast to an asset protection trust, which tends to be established with the interests of the settler (that is, the individual establishing the trust) in mind, a protective trus

Ethical and Legal Problems & Employee Benefits Assignment

Ethical and Legal Problems & Employee Benefits - Assignment Example Thus, protocol ethics are closely associated with equity-based recognition. In addition, employees have to make key decisions either as an employee or as a shareholder. Each of these levels requires different reasoning and responsibilities. Ethics related to loyalty towards the company comes into consideration. For instance, an employee may have knowledge of some sensitive information about the company. However, he is not expected to release such information to ordinary shareholders. Equity-based recognition plan also attract a number of legal issues. Worker, who upgrades their status into shareholders of the company, requires a new set of legislation to protect their interests. For instance, legal issues related to bankruptcy of the company are applicable in the recognition plan. Workers need to know their accountability to the company’s liabilities. Leaders should be aware of possible abuse of employee’s that might result from equity-based recognition. In order to prevent any form of abuse, leaders should ensure that company employees understand their responsibilities and rights both as company employees and as a shareholder. In addition, leaders should ensure that legislation and ethics associated with the plan are clearly stipulated in workers contracts. Retirement benefit authority is a scheme managed by the government to provide financial support to the elderly population. Although the government and other social welfare encourage organization to enroll their employees for retirement benefits, most of them do not provide the benefit. Retirement benefit scheme divide industries into two categories. The first category is for industries that provide the service to their employees while the second category consist industries that do not provide the service. There is also a significant inclination of certain

Intellectual property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Intellectual property - Essay Example Every corporation depends on its intellectual property for proper functioning. Intellectual property often include valuable knowledge on the manner in which an organisation conducts its business, make decisions, manufacture its products or knowledge about the customers of the firm among others. Can you imagine how it would be if your competitors in the make had free access to crucial information on how you do your business, which is the source of your competitive advantage? This paper explores how the Coca-Cola Company has managed its intellectual property in the past and also gives recommendations for improvement. The Coca-Cola Company Ltd. is an American transnational company that manufactures and distributes non-alcoholic beverages all over the world. The company has maintained full control of its beverage concentrates and syrup for many years. The corporation is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. The company’s brand name is synonymous with its popular product-Coca-Cola, invented by John Stith Pemberton, a pharmacist in the year 1886. The company’s beverage formula as well as the Coca-Cola brand was purchased in 1889 by Asa Candler, who proceeded to register the company in 1892. On top of the popular Coca-Cola brand, the company now offers more than five hundred brands in the global market. The company runs a distribution system where it focuses on the production of syrup concentrate, which it distributes to authorized bottlers across the world. The company owns the trademark under which the bottlers operate and retains full control of the production process. As a worldwide producer and distributer of non-alcoholic beverages and soft drinks, the Coca-Cola Company possesses numerous resources that make it possible to execute its production process through to distribution to the final consumers. The corporation owns both tangible and intangible assets, which facilitates its production process and distribution to the final